A Guide to Plain and Powered Mixers

Key Facts

Mixers are essential for audio setups, with powered mixers featuring built-in amplifiers for simplicity in small events, while plain mixers offer advanced functionality and flexibility for larger, complex environments.

If you’ve ever dipped your toes into the world of audio production, you’ve likely encountered the term “mixer.” Whether you’re setting up sound for a local band, organizing a small event, or creating your home recording studio, understanding the differences between plain and powered mixers can save you time, money, and a lot of headaches.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore everything you need to know about these essential audio tools.

Understanding Mixer Basics

What Is a Mixer?

At its core, a mixer (also called a mixing console or mixing board) is a device that combines multiple audio signals together, adjusts their levels, and processes them to create a balanced output. Think of it as the central command center for all your audio needs. Mixers allow you to control everything from volume and tone to effects and routing of your audio signals.

When you see those impressive boards with all the sliders, knobs, and buttons at concert venues or recording studios, those are mixers in action. They’re the unsung heroes that ensure the bass isn’t drowning out the vocals or that the drums aren’t overwhelming everything else.

The Role of Mixers in Audio Production

Mixers perform several crucial functions in audio production:

1. Signal Combining: They take multiple input sources (microphones, instruments, playback devices) and combine them into one or more output signals.
2. Level Control: Each input channel has volume controls (faders or knobs) that allow precise adjustment of how loud each source is in the final mix.
3. EQ Adjustment: Most mixers include equalization controls to adjust the tonal qualities of each input.
4. Effects Processing: Many mixers offer built-in effects like reverb, delay, or compression to enhance the sound.
5. Routing: They direct signals to different destinations, such as main speakers, monitor speakers, recording devices, or headphones.

Now that we understand what mixers do, let’s dive into the two main categories: plain mixers and powered mixers.

Plain Mixers Explained

Key Features of Plain Mixers

Plain mixers (also called unpowered or passive mixers) focus exclusively on mixing audio signals without providing amplification. They process and combine audio signals but require external amplification to drive speakers.

Key features typically include:

• Input Channels: Multiple inputs for microphones, instruments, and line-level devices
• EQ Controls: Typically 2-4 band equalization per channel
• Auxiliary Sends: For effects processing and monitor mixes
• Preamps: For boosting microphone signals to usable levels
• Faders/Knobs: For precise level control
• Outputs: Various output options including main outputs, monitor outputs, and headphone jacks

Plain mixers are versatile and can be paired with various external amplifiers and speakers, giving you flexibility in your setup.

Types of Plain Mixers

Analog Plain Mixers

Analog mixers process signals without converting them to digital information. They’re known for their warm sound character and intuitive, hands-on control.

Benefits of analog mixers include:

• Immediate tactile control with no digital latency
• Often more affordable than their digital counterparts
• Simpler to operate with a straightforward signal path
• Preferred by many for their warm, natural sound

However, they lack the preset storage and recall features of digital mixers, making them less convenient for complex setups that change frequently.

Digital Plain Mixers

Digital mixers convert analog signals to digital information for processing before converting back to analog for output. They offer extensive features that wouldn’t be possible in the analog domain.

Advantages include:

• Scene memories to save and recall settings
• Built-in advanced effects processors
• Precise control over numerous parameters
• Often include computer integration
• More compact designs with the same functionality as larger analog boards

The learning curve can be steeper with digital mixers, but they offer tremendous flexibility once mastered.

Powered Mixers Explained

Key Features of Powered Mixers

Powered mixers combine a mixing console with built-in power amplifiers in one convenient unit. This integration eliminates the need for separate amplifiers, simplifying setup and reducing the amount of gear you need to transport.

Standard features include:

• Built-in Amplification: Power amplifiers that drive speakers directly
• Power Rating: Usually measured in watts, indicating how much power can be supplied to speakers
• Input Channels: Similar to plain mixers, though often with fewer channels
• EQ and Effects: Onboard equalization and common effects like reverb
• Protection Circuits: To prevent damage to the amplifier or speakers
• Cooling Systems: Usually fans to prevent overheating during operation

The all-in-one nature of powered mixers makes them particularly attractive for mobile setups and venues with limited space or technical knowledge.

Types of Powered Mixers

Portable Powered Mixers

These lightweight, compact units are designed for maximum portability. They typically feature:

• Carrying handles or shoulder straps
• Durable construction to withstand transport
• Simplified controls focused on essential functions
• Moderate power output suitable for small to medium venues
• Sometimes include speaker mounting options

Portable powered mixers are ideal for solo performers, small bands, public speakers, and anyone who needs to frequently set up and break down their audio system.

Rack-Mount Powered Mixers

Designed to be installed in standard equipment racks, these units offer more permanent installation options:

• Standard 19-inch rack dimensions
• Higher power ratings than many portable options
• More extensive connection options
• Better cooling systems for continuous operation
• Often include more sophisticated protection circuits

These are popular for installed sound systems in venues, houses of worship, and other locations where the equipment stays in place.

Comparing Plain and Powered Mixers

Price Considerations

When comparing costs, several factors come into play:

• Initial Investment: Powered mixers typically cost more upfront than comparable plain mixers, but remember that with a plain mixer, you’ll need to purchase a separate amplifier.
• Total System Cost: When you add the cost of a quality amplifier to a plain mixer, the total may exceed the cost of a powered mixer with similar capabilities.
• Long-term Value: Plain mixers offer more upgrade flexibility, as you can replace just the mixer or just the amplifier as your needs change or technology improves.
• Feature-to-Cost Ratio: For the same price point, plain mixers often offer more mixing features, while powered mixers allocate part of their cost to the built-in amplification.

The most economical choice depends on your specific needs and whether you already own some components.

Portability and Setup

Portability is where powered mixers often shine:

• Cable Requirements: Powered mixers require fewer cables and connections, reducing setup time and potential points of failure.
• Weight and Size: While a powered mixer may be heavier than a plain mixer alone, it’s typically lighter and more compact than a plain mixer plus separate amplifier.
• Setup Time: With fewer components and connections, powered mixers generally allow for faster setup and teardown.
• Simplicity: The integrated nature of powered mixers means fewer things to troubleshoot if audio issues arise.

For mobile DJs, small bands, and event producers who frequently move equipment, these considerations can significantly impact workflow efficiency.

Sound Quality Differences

Sound quality considerations include:

• Amplifier Quality: High-end separate amplifiers paired with plain mixers can offer superior sound quality compared to the amplifiers built into powered mixers.
• Noise Floor: Plain mixer setups allow you to position the amplifier close to the speakers, potentially reducing cable runs and associated noise.
• Heat Management: Separate components often have better cooling, which can reduce thermal distortion during extended use.
• Component Selection: With a plain mixer setup, you can select each component based on its specific strengths, potentially achieving a better overall sound.

Professional sound engineers often prefer plain mixers with separate amplifiers for critical applications where sound quality is paramount.

Versatility and Expansion

When considering future growth:

• Upgradeability: Plain mixer setups allow you to upgrade either the mixer or amplifier independently as your needs change.
• System Expansion: Plain mixers can be more easily integrated into larger systems, with amplifiers sized appropriately for different zones or speaker groups.
• Specialized Applications: Plain mixers can be connected to specialized amplifiers for specific purposes (like subwoofers or in-ear monitoring systems).
• Integration with Other Equipment: Plain mixers typically offer more connectivity options for integration with effects processors, recording equipment, and other audio gear.

If you anticipate your audio needs growing or changing significantly, a plain mixer offers more flexibility for future expansion.

Choosing the Right Mixer for Your Needs

For Live Performances

For live sound reinforcement, consider:

• Venue Size: Smaller venues might be well-served by a powered mixer, while larger venues typically require the power and flexibility of a plain mixer with separate amplification.
• Mobility Requirements: Bands that frequently play different venues might appreciate the convenience of a powered mixer, especially for smaller gigs.
• Technical Support: If you don’t have a dedicated sound person, a powered mixer can simplify setup and operation.
• Backup Options: Some performers carry a small powered mixer as a backup, even if they typically use a larger plain mixer setup.

The right choice often comes down to the specific performance contexts you encounter most frequently.

For Studio Recording

In recording environments:

• Plain mixers are generally preferred for their superior sound quality, flexibility, and integration capabilities with other studio equipment.
• Channel Count: Studios typically need more input channels than most powered mixers provide.
• Noise Considerations: The amplifier section of powered mixers can introduce unwanted noise into a recording environment.
• Interface Capabilities: Many plain mixers designed for studios include USB or FireWire interfaces for direct computer recording.

For most serious recording applications, a quality plain mixer is the better choice.

For Small Venues and Mobile DJs

For smaller applications:

• All-in-one Convenience: Powered mixers offer tremendous convenience for quick setup and teardown.
• Space Efficiency: When working in tight spaces, the compact nature of a powered mixer is valuable.
• Self-contained Solution: Mobile DJs and small venue operators appreciate having fewer components to manage and troubleshoot.
• Cost-effectiveness: For basic sound reinforcement needs, powered mixers provide a cost-effective solution.

These users often find that the benefits of integrated powered mixers outweigh any limitations they might have.

Maintenance and Care Tips for Mixers

Regardless of which type you choose, proper care will extend the life of your equipment:

1. Keep it Clean: Use compressed air to remove dust from faders and knobs. Avoid liquid cleaners on electronic components.
2. Proper Power Down: Always turn your mixer off when not in use, and follow the proper power-up/power-down sequence (amplifiers last on, first off).
3. Avoid Extreme Temperatures: Don’t leave equipment in hot vehicles or damp basements.
4. Use Cases: Invest in quality cases or bags to protect your mixer during transport.
5. Regular Maintenance: Periodically check and tighten connections, and listen for signs of trouble like crackling pots or faders.
6. Proper Storage: Store mixers in dry environments with moderate temperatures.
7. Avoid Liquid Exposure: Keep drinks away from your equipment, especially during performances.

With proper care, a quality mixer can last for many years of reliable service.

Comparing Powered and Plain Mixers

Feature	Powered Mixer	Plain Mixer
Amplifier	Built-in	External required
Channel Count	Limited (4 to 16)	Higher (16 to 48+)
Portability	Lightweight, compact	Heavier, more components
Functionality	Basic features	Advanced features available
Use Case	Small gigs	Large venues, studios

Conclusion

The choice between plain and powered mixers ultimately comes down to your specific needs, budget, and how you plan to use the equipment. Powered mixers offer convenience and simplicity in an all-in-one package, making them ideal for smaller venues, mobile applications, and users who value quick setup. Plain mixers, when paired with separate amplifiers, typically offer superior sound quality, flexibility, and expandability, making them the preferred choice for larger venues and professional audio applications.

Consider your typical usage scenarios, your technical expertise, and your future growth plans when making your decision. For many users, having both types available provides maximum flexibility—a powered mixer for small gigs and quick setups, and a plain mixer with separate amplification for situations that demand the highest quality and flexibility.

Remember that the best equipment is the equipment that meets your specific needs while being reliable and user-friendly. Take time to test different options if possible, and don’t hesitate to seek advice from other users with similar applications.

FAQs About Plain and Powered Mixers

1. Can I connect additional amplifiers to a powered mixer?

Yes, most powered mixers include line outputs that can feed external amplifiers. This allows you to use the mixing functions while expanding your amplification capabilities for larger venues or additional speaker zones.

2. How do I determine the right size mixer for my needs?

Count all your input sources (microphones, instruments, playback devices) and add about 20-25% more channels for future expansion. Also consider auxiliary sends (for monitors or effects), subgroups, and output options based on your typical usage scenarios.

3. Are digital mixers better than analog mixers?

Neither is inherently “better”—they have different strengths. Digital mixers offer more features, recall capability, and often more compact designs. Analog mixers provide immediate tactile control, often simpler operation, and a sound character that many prefer for certain applications.

4. How much power do I need in a powered mixer?

A general rule of thumb is to have amplifier power rated at about twice the continuous power handling of your speakers. For example, if your speakers are rated at 300 watts program power, look for a powered mixer delivering around 600 watts per channel. This provides headroom to handle peaks without distortion.

5. Can I use a plain mixer for recording without a computer?

Yes, you can connect a plain mixer to standalone recording devices like digital recorders or tape machines. Many plain mixers include dedicated recording outputs, USB interfaces, or other connectivity options designed specifically for recording purposes.

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